On the night He was betrayed Jesus shared a final meal with His disciples and gave them the bread and cup as the new covenant. He prayed in Gethsemane, was arrested, tried before the council and before Pilate, and was crucified at Golgotha. He died and was buried before the Sabbath.
14When the hour came, Jesus and his apostles reclined at the table. 15And he said to them, “I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. 16For I tell you, I will not eat it again until it finds fulfillment in the kingdom of God.” 17After taking the cup, he gave thanks and said, “Take this and divide it among you. 18For I tell you I will not drink again from the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” 19And he took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body given for you; do this in remembrance of me.” 20In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you. FaithGraph presents this chapter quietly. There is no spectacle here, only the record.
At supper Jesus washed His disciples' feet, identified His betrayer, and gave the bread and the cup with words that reach back to Exodus and Jeremiah. In the garden He prayed that the cup might pass, and submitted to the Father's will. He was arrested at night, denied by Peter, condemned by the council, and handed over by Pilate, who found no guilt in Him.
At the Place of the Skull He was crucified between two criminals. The Gospels record His words from the cross, the darkness at noon, the torn curtain, and His final breath. Isaiah's servant, pierced for our transgressions, is the passage the apostles turned to in order to explain what happened that day.
Events in this chapter
- Event
The Last Supper
On the night before His death Jesus shared a final meal with His disciples in Jerusalem, gave them bread and the cup as His body and blood of the new covenant, washed their feet, and foretold His betrayal.
Open record - Event
Jesus washes the disciples' feet
During the evening meal before Passover, Jesus laid aside His outer garments, wrapped a towel around Himself, and washed His disciples' feet, including the feet of the one who would betray Him. Peter protested and then asked to be washed entirely. Jesus told them He had given an example they should follow.
Open record - Event
The farewell discourse
After Judas left, Jesus spoke at length with the eleven. He gave them a new commandment to love one another, promised the Holy Spirit as another Advocate, described Himself as the true vine, warned of the world's hatred, and prayed to the Father for Himself, for His disciples, and for all who would believe through their word.
Open record - Event
Gethsemane
After the supper Jesus went with His disciples to a garden on the Mount of Olives called Gethsemane. Taking Peter, James, and John further in, He was deeply distressed and prayed that if possible the cup might pass from Him, yet that the Father's will be done. The disciples slept. He woke them as the betrayer arrived.
Open record - Event
The arrest of Jesus
Judas led a crowd with swords and clubs, and in John a band of soldiers, to the garden he knew Jesus frequented, and identified Him with a kiss. One disciple struck the high priest's servant, and Jesus stopped the violence and, in Luke, healed the man. He was bound and led away, and all the disciples fled.
Open record - Event
The trial before the Sanhedrin
Jesus was taken to the high priest, Caiaphas, where the council sought testimony against Him. When Caiaphas put Him under oath to say whether He was the Christ, the Son of God, Jesus answered and spoke of the Son of Man seated at God's right hand and coming with the clouds. The high priest called it blasphemy, and the council judged Him worthy of death.
Open record - Event
Peter denies Jesus
While Jesus was questioned inside, Peter waited in the high priest's courtyard by a fire. Three times he was identified as a follower of Jesus, and three times he denied it, the last time with an oath. A rooster crowed, Peter remembered Jesus' warning, and he went out and wept bitterly.
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The trial before Pilate
At daybreak the council delivered Jesus to Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor. Pilate questioned Him about being King of the Jews, found no basis for a charge, sent Him to Herod Antipas, who mocked Him and returned Him, and offered the crowd a Passover release. The crowd chose Barabbas. Pilate washed his hands, had Jesus flogged, and handed Him over to be crucified.
Open record - Event
The crucifixion of Jesus
Jesus was crucified outside Jerusalem at Golgotha under Pontius Pilate. He died after several hours on the cross and was buried in a nearby tomb before the Sabbath. The Gospels present His death as the sacrifice for the sins of the world.
Open record - Event
The burial of Jesus
Before the Sabbath began, Joseph of Arimathea, a council member and disciple, asked Pilate for the body of Jesus. With Nicodemus he wrapped it in linen with spices and laid it in a new tomb cut into rock in a garden near the place of crucifixion. The women from Galilee saw where He was laid, and Matthew records that the tomb was sealed and guarded.
Open record
Old Testament threads 14
Promises and patterns in this chapter
Luke 22:20 alludes to Jeremiah 31:31-34
Strong allusion or echoHigh confidenceJesus's words "the new covenant in My blood" use the exact phrase "new covenant" that appears in the Old Testament only in Jeremiah 31. Hebrews 8 quotes Jeremiah at length to explain this.
The crucifixion of Jesus explicitly fulfills Isaiah 52:13-53:12
Explicit fulfillmentHigh confidenceThe New Testament explicitly applies Isaiah's suffering servant to the passion of Jesus. On the night of His arrest Jesus says that the words "He was numbered with the transgressors" must be fulfilled in Him; Philip explains the passage to the Ethiopian official as being about Jesus; Matthew cites it as fulfilled in His healing ministry; and 1 Peter describes the cross in its language.
Mark 14:62 alludes to Daniel 7:13
Strong allusion or echoHigh confidenceJesus' answer to the high priest, the Son of Man coming with the clouds of heaven, takes its language from Daniel's vision.
Evidence:John 13:18 quotes Psalms 41:9
Direct quotationHigh confidenceJesus says the betrayal by one who shared His bread fulfills the Scripture, and cites Psalm 41.
Evidence:Matthew 26:31 quotes Zechariah 13:7
Direct quotationHigh confidenceOn the way to the garden Jesus says the disciples will fall away because it is written that the shepherd will be struck and the sheep scattered.
Matthew 27:46 quotes Psalms 22:1
Direct quotationHigh confidenceThe cry from the cross, in Aramaic and translated, is the opening line of Psalm 22.
Evidence:John 19:24 quotes Psalms 22:18
Direct quotationHigh confidenceJohn says the soldiers' division of the garments and casting of lots fulfilled the Scripture and quotes Psalm 22.
Evidence:Matthew 27:39-43 alludes to Psalms 22:7-8
Strong allusion or echoHigh confidenceThe mockers' shaking heads and their taunt that God should deliver Him if He delights in Him follow the wording of Psalm 22.
Evidence:The crucifixion of Jesus explicitly fulfills Psalms 69:21
Explicit fulfillmentHigh confidenceJohn says Jesus spoke of thirst to fulfill the Scripture and was given sour wine; Psalm 69 speaks of gall for food and vinegar for thirst, and Matthew records wine mixed with gall.
Other responsible views
- Which Scripture John means: John does not name the psalm. Psalm 69:21 is the usual identification because of the vinegar; some readers hear Psalm 22:15 as well.
John 19:36 quotes Psalms 34:20
Direct quotationHigh confidenceJohn says the soldiers' not breaking Jesus' legs fulfilled the Scripture that none of His bones would be broken.
Evidence:Other responsible views
- The Passover lamb: John's wording also matches the rule that no bone of the Passover lamb be broken (Exodus 12:46, Numbers 9:12). Many readers hear both texts, with the lamb in view since John dates the death to the Passover preparation.
John 19:37 quotes Zechariah 12:10
Direct quotationHigh confidenceJohn cites a second Scripture for the piercing of Jesus' side: they will look on the one they have pierced.
Evidence:Luke 23:46 quotes Psalms 31:5
Direct quotationHigh confidenceJesus' final words in Luke are the psalmist's prayer committing his spirit into God's hands.
Evidence:The burial of Jesus is read as fulfilling Isaiah 53:9
Historic Christian readingMedium confidenceIsaiah's servant is assigned a grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death; Christians have long read Jesus' burial in the tomb of the rich Joseph of Arimathea as this. No New Testament text cites the verse for the burial, so it is labeled a historic reading.
Evidence:Other responsible views
- Servant song as a whole: The New Testament applies Isaiah 53 to Jesus explicitly (Luke 22:37, Acts 8:32-35, 1 Peter 2:22-25) without singling out verse 9 for the burial; some readers see the burial detail as part of that larger fulfillment rather than a separate one.
Matthew 26:67 echoes Isaiah 50:6
Strong allusion or echoMedium confidenceThe servant in Isaiah offers his back to those who strike him and his face to spitting; the accounts of Jesus being spat on and struck at the trial and by the soldiers echo the description without citing it.
Evidence:
Explore the layers
People, places, themes, and passages in this chapter
- Event
The raising of Lazarus
When Lazarus of Bethany died, Jesus came four days after the burial, told Martha that He is the resurrection and the life, wept at the tomb, and called Lazarus out alive still bound in grave clothes. Many who saw it believed, and the council resolved from that day to put Jesus to death.
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Judas agrees to betray Jesus
Judas Iscariot, one of the Twelve, went to the chief priests and offered to hand Jesus over to them away from the crowds. They agreed to pay him, and Matthew records the sum as thirty pieces of silver. From then on Judas watched for an opportunity.
Focus this layer - Place
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is the city David made his capital and where Solomon built the temple. In the Gospels it is where Jesus taught in the temple, shared the Last Supper, was tried, crucified, and rose, and where the church was born at Pentecost.
Focus this layer - Theme
Covenant
A covenant is a binding relationship God establishes with people by promise. Scripture traces covenants with Noah, Abraham, Israel at Sinai, and David, and the prophets foretell a new covenant that Jesus inaugurates with His blood at the Last Supper.
Focus this layer - Theme
Passover
Passover is the yearly feast that remembers the night God struck Egypt and passed over the houses marked with a lamb's blood, then brought Israel out of slavery. The lamb without blemish, the blood on the doorframe, and the meal eaten in haste became Israel's founding memory. Jesus chose Passover for His last supper and died at Passover, and the New Testament calls Him our Passover lamb.
Focus this layer - Person
Jesus
Jesus of Nazareth is the center of the Christian faith and of FaithGraph. The Gospels present Him as the promised Messiah of Israel, the eternal Word made flesh, who taught, healed, was crucified under Pontius Pilate, rose bodily on the third day, and commissioned His followers to carry the good news to all nations.
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Judas Iscariot
Judas Iscariot was one of the Twelve and, according to John, kept the group's money and stole from it. He agreed with the chief priests to hand Jesus over for thirty pieces of silver, identified Him with a kiss in Gethsemane, and afterward, filled with remorse, returned the money and took his own life.
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Peter
Peter, originally Simon, was a fisherman from Galilee whom Jesus called to follow Him and renamed Peter. He confessed Jesus as the Christ, denied Him during the trial, was restored after the resurrection, and preached the first sermon at Pentecost.
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James son of Zebedee
James was a Galilean fisherman, the son of Zebedee and brother of John, called by Jesus while mending nets beside the Sea of Galilee. He was one of the three disciples present at the raising of Jairus's daughter and at the transfiguration, and Acts records that Herod Agrippa had him killed by the sword.
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